{"title":"Womp SLA 3D Printing Design Rules","version":"3.0","conventions":{"bands":["AUTO_PASS","REVIEW","ROUTE"],"verdict":"worst band of any check","finishes":{"MATTE":"sanded/blasted","GLOSSY":"polished/coated/dipped","CLEAR":"glossy finish inherits GLOSSY + CLA; matte finish being confirmed"},"units":{"length":"mm","mass":"g","stress":"MPa"},"clearance":"per side"},"constants":{"T_mm":0.2,"tolerance_pct":0.2,"open_clearance_mm":{"static":{"MATTE":0.3,"GLOSSY":0.8},"lid":{"MATTE":0.3,"GLOSSY":0.8},"slide":{"MATTE":0.5,"GLOSSY":1},"rotate":{"MATTE":0.5,"GLOSSY":1},"chain":{"MATTE":0.6,"GLOSSY":1}},"protrusion_table":[{"max_length_mm":3,"MATTE":1.2,"GLOSSY":1.5},{"max_length_mm":10,"MATTE":2,"GLOSSY":2.5},{"max_length_mm":20,"MATTE":2.5,"GLOSSY":3},{"max_length_mm":null,"MATTE":3,"GLOSSY":3.5}],"protrusion_ratio":5},"formulas":{"tolerance":"max(0.20, 0.002*nominal)","coating_loss":{"per_side":"2*t","diametral":"4*t"},"protrusion_min":"max(table(L), L/5)","R_b":"m*L/d^3","d_equiv_flat":"(b*t^2)^(1/3)","R_w":"L^2/t"},"sections":[{"id":"GEN","name":"General principles","intro":["These principles sit above every numeric rule. If a situation is not covered by a specific rule, decide it from these.","The single most important idea: Womp’s limits are about survival of the finished, shipped object, not about what a printer can resolve."]},{"id":"TOL","name":"Dimensional tolerances","intro":["Standard tolerance is the greater of ±0.20 mm or ±0.2 % of nominal, for every finish, measured on the finished part. Up to 100 mm the flat ±0.20 mm governs; above 100 mm the percentage governs (±0.30 mm at 150 mm, ±0.60 mm at 300 mm).","Tolerance describes how far one dimension may vary. It says nothing about whether two parts fit together; that is the job of clearance (CLR and CLS)."]},{"id":"CLR","name":"Clearances and fits (open fits)","intro":["Open fits are fits where only one pair of surfaces must clear, or where the outer part can flex: a lid resting on a ledge, a part sliding along one rail, a shaft in a bore. Values are per side. Glossy values are larger because coating adds material and fuses small gaps."]},{"id":"CLS","name":"Closed-wall fits","intro":[]},{"id":"GLS","name":"Glossy finishing","intro":["Glossy finishing either removes material (polishing) or adds it (clear coat, dipped resin). Coating creates two failure modes matte does not have: it eats clearance (4t diametral), and it wicks into narrow gaps and cures solid, fusing parts together."]},{"id":"CLA","name":"Clear resin","intro":["Clear resin prints cloudy and becomes transparent only after polishing or coating on every visible face. A clear part is therefore always a glossy part, with extra cosmetic demands: every warp, sink and thickness change is visible through the material.","Real failures add three more rules: sharp internal corners craze white (CLA-06), support scars show on visible faces (CLA-07), and thick solids with holes near an apex or pressed-in hardware crack (CLA-08)."]},{"id":"WAL","name":"Walls","intro":["Wall rules prevent walls from failing in printing, washing and handling. They do not prevent warping (WRP) or breakage under load (BRK); those depend on the whole geometry."]},{"id":"HOL","name":"Holes, slots and internal features","intro":["A hole that prints is not necessarily accurate: orientation, depth, cure and finishing change its final size. Holes that need precision are post-drilled or reamed."]},{"id":"DET","name":"Surface detail and lettering","intro":["Fine detail must survive finishing. Glossy coating rounds edges and fills shallow engraving, so glossy limits are larger. For lettering, stroke width matters more than font size."]},{"id":"MAT","name":"Materials","intro":[]},{"id":"PRO","name":"Protrusions, hair, fingers, loops","intro":["Protrusions fail as levers. Two conditions must both hold for auto-pass: thickness at least the table value for its length, and thickness at least length ÷ 5. Features attached along their whole length (sculpted hair, raised strands) can be much thinner than free ones."]},{"id":"BRK","name":"Breakage under load","intro":[]},{"id":"WRP","name":"Warping","intro":[]}],"rules":[{"id":"GEN-01","section":"GEN","title":"Tolerances apply to the finished part","statement":"Every dimensional and clearance rule is evaluated on the fully washed, post-cured, support-removed and surface-finished part.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GEN-02","section":"GEN","title":"Printable is not durable","statement":"A feature that SLA can resolve is not automatically approved. Womp limits are set for survival through support removal, washing, finishing, packaging, shipping and normal handling.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GEN-03","section":"GEN","title":"Finish decides the rule set","statement":"MATTE and GLOSSY share print accuracy but not finishing. CLEAR parts are always GLOSSY (clear resin is only transparent after polishing/coating) and also follow CLA rules.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GEN-04","section":"GEN","title":"Evaluate at worst case","statement":"Mating parts are checked with each part at its worst tolerance limit simultaneously (oversize inner part, undersize opening).","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GEN-05","section":"GEN","title":"ROUTE is not REJECT","statement":"A ROUTE result sends the model to engineering approval with a suggested fix. The validator never tells a customer a design is impossible on threshold grounds alone.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GEN-06","section":"GEN","title":"Units and conventions","statement":"Lengths in mm, mass in g, stress in MPa. Clearance is always per side (surface to surface). Diameters are written Ø.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"TOL-01","section":"TOL","title":"Standard tolerance","statement":"Standard tolerance = the greater of ±0.20 mm or ±0.2 % of nominal. Applies to MATTE, GLOSSY and CLEAR on the finished part.","values":{"MATTE":"±max(0.20 mm, 0.2 %)","GLOSSY":"±max(0.20 mm, 0.2 %)","CLEAR":"±max(0.20 mm, 0.2 %)"},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"requested ≥ standard","REVIEW":"±0.10 mm to standard","ROUTE":"tighter than ±0.10 mm"},"fixes":[]},{"id":"TOL-02","section":"TOL","title":"Precision tolerance requests","statement":"Requests between ±0.10 mm and standard are REVIEW; tighter than ±0.10 mm are ROUTE and usually need post-machining (drill, ream, face).","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":["Post-drill or ream critical holes","Design an adjustable or compliant feature instead","Use a metal insert for the precision feature"]},{"id":"TOL-03","section":"TOL","title":"Tolerance is not clearance","statement":"Each part meeting its tolerance does not guarantee a fit. Clearance must be designed in (CLR, CLS rules).","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"TOL-04","section":"TOL","title":"Geometric tolerances are not implied","statement":"Linear tolerance does not imply flatness, roundness, perpendicularity, parallelism or hole position. These must be specified and inspected separately.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":["Specify flatness on sealing or display faces","Specify position on hole patterns"]},{"id":"CLR-01","section":"CLR","title":"Clearance convention","statement":"All clearances are surface-to-surface gaps per side. Hole Ø = shaft Ø + 2 × clearance.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-02","section":"CLR","title":"Loose static fit","statement":"Minimum gap per side for parts that sit together without moving.","values":{"MATTE":0.3,"GLOSSY":0.8,"CLEAR":0.8},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-03","section":"CLR","title":"Removable lid or cover","statement":"Minimum gap per side for lids that are taken on and off by hand (open, non-enclosing fit).","values":{"MATTE":"0.3–0.5","GLOSSY":"0.8–1.0","CLEAR":"0.8–1.0"},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-04","section":"CLR","title":"Open sliding fit","statement":"Minimum gap per side for a part sliding along one rail or face (not enclosed on all sides).","values":{"MATTE":0.5,"GLOSSY":1,"CLEAR":1},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"≥ value","REVIEW":"MATTE 0.3–<0.5; GLOSSY 0.8–<1.0","ROUTE":"MATTE <0.3; GLOSSY <0.8"},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-05","section":"CLR","title":"Rotating shaft or hinge (round bore)","statement":"Minimum gap per side for a round shaft or hinge pin in a round bore.","values":{"MATTE":0.5,"GLOSSY":1,"CLEAR":1},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-06","section":"CLR","title":"Interlocking chain links","statement":"Minimum gap per side between links.","values":{"MATTE":0.6,"GLOSSY":"1.0–1.5 (prefer separate finishing)","CLEAR":"separate finishing only"},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-07","section":"CLR","title":"Print-in-place assembly","statement":"Assemblies printed already joined.","values":{"MATTE":"0.6, REVIEW","GLOSSY":"not recommended (ROUTE)","CLEAR":"not allowed (ROUTE)"},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-08","section":"CLR","title":"Enclosed moving mechanism","statement":"A moving part fully enclosed so it cannot be washed, inspected or finished.","values":{"MATTE":"REVIEW","GLOSSY":"ROUTE","CLEAR":"ROUTE"},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLR-09","section":"CLR","title":"Precision alignment","statement":"Gaps below 0.3 mm per side for locating features.","values":{"MATTE":"REVIEW","GLOSSY":"ROUTE","CLEAR":"ROUTE"},"bands":{},"fixes":["Use a tapered locating pin","Add a compliant crush rib"]},{"id":"CLR-10","section":"CLR","title":"Press and snap fits","statement":"Interference and snap fits are never auto-approved; resin- and geometry-specific testing is required.","values":{"MATTE":"ROUTE","GLOSSY":"ROUTE","CLEAR":"ROUTE"},"bands":{},"fixes":["Replace with screw + heat-set insert","Use a magnet closure"]},{"id":"CLS-01","section":"CLS","title":"Detect closed perimeters","statement":"A fit is CLOSED when the mating surfaces form a complete loop around the inserted part in cross-section (box in sleeve, drawer in case, plug in socket, lid inside a rim). CLOSED fits use CLS rules instead of CLR-04.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLS-02","section":"CLS","title":"Closed fits need at least 2× the open-fit clearance","statement":"Minimum gap per side for a closed flat-walled fit is at least 2 × the open sliding clearance; wide flat walls can need more.","values":{"MATTE":1,"GLOSSY":2,"CLEAR":2},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"≥ required","REVIEW":"≥ open-fit value and < required","ROUTE":"< open-fit value"},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLS-05","section":"CLS","title":"Long engagement","statement":"If the sliding engagement length exceeds 2 × the opening width, REVIEW for squareness and straightness.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":["Shorten engagement","Add lead-in chamfers","Slide on narrow rails instead of full faces"]},{"id":"CLS-06","section":"CLS","title":"Round bores","statement":"Round closed fits (shaft in hole, cap on round neck) use CLR-05: a round hoop has no flat span to bow. Polygonal and rectangular closed fits use CLS-02.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLS-07","section":"CLS","title":"Design fixes for closed fits","statement":"Prefer contact on narrow rails or bumps rather than full faces; add 0.5–1.0 mm lead-in chamfers; add ribs to sleeve walls to cut bow; mask contact faces from coating.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-01","section":"GLS","title":"Coating eats clearance","statement":"A coating of thickness t on both mating faces removes 2t per side, i.e. 4t from a diametral clearance. Coating is thinnest on open, flat, vertical faces; basins, down-facing edges and creases collect far more (GLS-10..12).","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-02","section":"GLS","title":"Coating fuses gaps","statement":"Liquid coating wicks into narrow gaps by surface tension and cures solid. Gaps below the GLOSSY clearance values are expected to fuse.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-03","section":"GLS","title":"Chains and articulated parts default to MATTE","statement":"Glossy chains/articulated models must be finished link-by-link and assembled afterwards, otherwise ROUTE.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-04","section":"GLS","title":"Trapped gaps","statement":"Any gap that coating can enter but not drain from is REVIEW regardless of size.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-05","section":"GLS","title":"Dipped finishes","statement":"Resin-dipped glossy never auto-approves moving assemblies.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-06","section":"GLS","title":"Mask mating surfaces","statement":"Critical mating faces should be masked from coating or their fit verified after finishing.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-07","section":"GLS","title":"Verify after finish","statement":"Freedom of movement is verified after finishing, not after printing.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-08","section":"GLS","title":"Upsize fine detail","statement":"Glossy detail limits are larger than matte (DET rules) because coating rounds and fills fine detail.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLA-01","section":"CLA","title":"Clear always follows GLOSSY","statement":"CLEAR parts inherit every GLOSSY rule, including 2× closed-wall clearance.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLA-02","section":"CLA","title":"Separate print and finish","statement":"Mating clear parts are printed and finished separately; print-in-place is not allowed.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLA-04","section":"CLA","title":"Uniform thickness","statement":"Avoid thickness changes greater than 2:1 on visible clear regions; thick zones look cloudier and can yellow faster.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLA-05","section":"CLA","title":"Internal parts","statement":"Parts visible inside a clear shell are finished and assembled after the shell; never enclosed during printing.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WAL-01","section":"WAL","title":"Supported wall","statement":"Wall braced by adjacent geometry.","values":{"min":0.8,"preferred":1.2},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"≥1.2","REVIEW":"0.8–<1.2","ROUTE":"<0.8"},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WAL-02","section":"WAL","title":"Unsupported wall","statement":"Free-standing wall.","values":{"min":1,"preferred":1.5},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WAL-03","section":"WAL","title":"Structural wall","statement":"Wall carrying load or forming a closed sleeve.","values":{"min":1.5,"preferred":2},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WAL-04","section":"WAL","title":"Hollow shell","statement":"Shell of a hollowed object; requires drain holes (HOL-06).","values":{"min":1.2,"preferred":2},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WAL-05","section":"WAL","title":"Fragile decorative detail","statement":"Non-load decorative fins and frills.","values":{"min":0.6,"preferred":1},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WAL-06","section":"WAL","title":"Thickness transitions","statement":"Adjacent thickness ratio above 3:1 is REVIEW (differential shrinkage, warping, sink).","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":["Taper the transition","Core out the thick region to a uniform shell"]},{"id":"HOL-01","section":"HOL","title":"Minimum printable hole","statement":"Holes below 0.8 mm are ROUTE.","values":{"min":0.8},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"HOL-02","section":"HOL","title":"Functional hole","statement":"Holes ≥1.0 mm AUTO_PASS; 0.8–<1.0 REVIEW.","values":{"min":1},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"≥1.0","REVIEW":"0.8–<1.0","ROUTE":"<0.8"},"fixes":[]},{"id":"HOL-03","section":"HOL","title":"Open slot or gap","statement":"Minimum 0.5 mm in MATTE; GLOSSY/CLEAR use the GLOSSY static clearance (0.8 mm).","values":{"MATTE":0.5,"GLOSSY":0.8,"CLEAR":0.8},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"HOL-04","section":"HOL","title":"Precision hole","statement":"Holes needing better than standard tolerance are post-drilled or reamed, or ROUTE.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"HOL-05","section":"HOL","title":"Deep narrow hole","statement":"Depth/diameter above 5:1 is REVIEW (hard to wash and cure, tends to close up).","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"HOL-06","section":"HOL","title":"Drain holes","statement":"Hollow parts need at least two drain holes of 3.5–4.0 mm, placed at opposite extremes of the cavity.","values":{"diameter":"3.5–4.0","count":"≥2"},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-01","section":"DET","title":"Raised detail height","statement":"Minimum raised detail height, by finish.","values":{"MATTE":0.2,"GLOSSY":0.3,"CLEAR":0.3},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-02","section":"DET","title":"Engraved depth","statement":"Minimum engraved depth, by finish.","values":{"MATTE":0.4,"GLOSSY":0.5,"CLEAR":0.5},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-03","section":"DET","title":"Engraved line width","statement":"Minimum engraved line width, by finish.","values":{"MATTE":0.4,"GLOSSY":0.5,"CLEAR":0.5},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-04","section":"DET","title":"Raised line width","statement":"Minimum raised line width, by finish.","values":{"MATTE":0.5,"GLOSSY":0.6,"CLEAR":0.6},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-05","section":"DET","title":"Raised letter stroke width","statement":"Stroke width matters more than font size.","values":{"MATTE":0.6,"GLOSSY":0.8,"CLEAR":0.8},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-06","section":"DET","title":"Raised letter height","statement":"Minimum raised letter height, by finish.","values":{"MATTE":0.4,"GLOSSY":0.5,"CLEAR":0.5},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-07","section":"DET","title":"Character height","statement":"Minimum character height, by finish.","values":{"MATTE":3,"GLOSSY":4,"CLEAR":4},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"DET-08","section":"DET","title":"Free-standing letter thickness","statement":"Minimum free-standing letter thickness, by finish.","values":{"MATTE":2,"GLOSSY":2.5,"CLEAR":2.5},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"MAT-01","section":"MAT","title":"Resin profiles","statement":"Each resin has its own strength profile; finish is not a strength grade.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"MAT-02","section":"MAT","title":"Tensile strength is not snap resistance","statement":"Standard resin is strong but brittle; thin features snap when bent, snagged or dropped.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-01","section":"PRO","title":"Protrusion thickness by length","statement":"Minimum thickness for features sticking out from the body.","values":{"≤3 mm":{"MATTE":1.2,"GLOSSY":1.5},"3–10 mm":{"MATTE":2,"GLOSSY":2.5},"10–20 mm":{"MATTE":2.5,"GLOSSY":3},">20 mm":{"MATTE":"3.0+ REVIEW","GLOSSY":"3.5+ REVIEW"}},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-02","section":"PRO","title":"5:1 length/thickness","statement":"AUTO_PASS requires thickness ≥ table value AND thickness ≥ length ÷ 5. Above ≈12 mm the ratio governs.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-03","section":"PRO","title":"Long protrusions","statement":"Any free protrusion longer than 20 mm is REVIEW at minimum.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-04","section":"PRO","title":"Supported strands","statement":"Strands attached along their full length: MATTE 0.8 mm, GLOSSY 1.0 mm.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-05","section":"PRO","title":"Anatomy and handles","statement":"Fingers 1.5–2.0 (GLOSSY 2.0–2.5); horns/antennae 2.0–3.0+ (2.5–3.5+); handles/stems 2.5–3.0+ (3.0–3.5+).","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-06","section":"PRO","title":"Root neck and fillet","statement":"The narrowest neck is at least as thick as the feature it carries, with a fillet radius ≥0.5 mm.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-07","section":"PRO","title":"Load-bearing loops","statement":"Hanging loops, bails and keyrings: section ≥3.0 mm MATTE, ≥3.5 mm GLOSSY/CLEAR, always tested.","values":{"MATTE":3,"GLOSSY":3.5,"CLEAR":3.5},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"BRK-01","section":"BRK","title":"Breakage index","statement":"For each narrow neck: R_b = m · L / d³ (g, mm). m = mass beyond the neck; L = neck to that mass's centre; d = neck diameter.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"BRK-04","section":"BRK","title":"Flat necks","statement":"For a rectangular neck of width b and thickness t bending about t: σ ∝ m·L/(b·t²). Use d_equiv = (b·t²)^(1/3) in R_b.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"BRK-05","section":"BRK","title":"Deflection is different","statement":"Tip sag of a round cantilever scales with m·L³/d⁴; use for floppiness, not breakage.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WRP-01","section":"WRP","title":"Warp index","statement":"R_w = L² / t (mm). L = longest unsupported flat span; t = wall thickness. Derived from δ ∝ Δε·L²/t.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WRP-03","section":"WRP","title":"Effective span with ribs","statement":"Ribs, bosses and folds divide a panel; use the largest sub-panel span between stiffeners.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WRP-04","section":"WRP","title":"Thicker is not always safer","statement":"Very thick or uneven sections can increase shrinkage gradients; combine with WAL-06.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"WRP-05","section":"WRP","title":"Mitigations","statement":"Add ribs, curve the surface, add edge returns, even out thickness, hollow thick regions, flag orientation.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"GLS-09","section":"GLS","title":"Glossy over porous or deep texture","statement":"Glossy coating over textures with openings below 1.5 mm or depth greater than opening width (depth/width > 1) pools, traps bubbles and fills detail. Such textures are ROUTE in GLOSSY/CLEAR; offer MATTE.","values":{"min opening":1.5,"max depth/width":1},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"opening ≥1.5 and depth/width ≤1","REVIEW":"opening 1.0–<1.5 or depth/width 1–1.5","ROUTE":"otherwise"},"fixes":["Switch to MATTE","Open texture cells to ≥1.5 mm","Make texture shallower than it is wide"]},{"id":"GLS-10","section":"GLS","title":"Coating pools in basins","statement":"Any recess enclosed by a raised rim (lens pockets, cups, framed panels, dimples) collects coating. Expected deviation allowance: 0.8 mm.","values":{"GLOSSY":0.8,"CLEAR":0.8,"MATTE":"n/a"},"bands":{},"fixes":["Make the recess shallower than its rim width","Add a drain gap in the rim","Mask the basin","Coat with basin facing down"]},{"id":"GLS-11","section":"GLS","title":"Down-facing edge build-up","statement":"Coating runs down and accumulates on the lower edges of raised features, hems and overhangs during curing. Expected allowance: 0.9 mm.","values":{"GLOSSY":0.9,"CLEAR":0.9,"MATTE":"n/a"},"bands":{},"fixes":["Specify coating orientation so critical edges face up","Round lower edges (r ≥0.5 mm) so coating does not form a bead","Keep critical dimensions off down-facing edges"]},{"id":"GLS-12","section":"GLS","title":"Creases fill","statement":"Creases and internal corners narrower than 1.0 mm partially fill in glossy. Expected allowance: 0.5 mm.","values":{"GLOSSY":0.5,"CLEAR":0.5,"threshold width":1},"bands":{},"fixes":["Open creases to ≥1.0 mm","Fillet the bottom of creases (r ≥0.3 mm)"]},{"id":"GLS-13","section":"GLS","title":"No near-touch gaps","statement":"In GLOSSY/CLEAR, surfaces 0.05–0.8 mm apart are a near-touch zone: coating bridges them unpredictably. Either fuse them (0 gap, with a fillet) or open them to ≥0.8 mm (static) / ≥1.0 mm (moving).","values":{"near-touch zone":"0.05–0.8 mm","fuse":"0 mm + fillet","open":"≥0.8 static / ≥1.0 moving"},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"0 (fused) or ≥0.8","REVIEW":"0.6–<0.8","ROUTE":"0.05–<0.6"},"fixes":[]},{"id":"PRO-08","section":"PRO","title":"Raised thin features (rims, rings, loops on the body)","statement":"Thin features that stand off the body and connect at only a few points (glasses frames, earrings, bag rings, necklaces, whiskers) deviate 0.6–1.0 mm after glossy. Section ≥1.2 mm matte / ≥1.5 mm glossy, anchored to the body at least every 10 mm, or fused along their length. Expected allowance 0.6 mm.","values":{"MATTE section":1.2,"GLOSSY section":1.5,"max anchor spacing":10,"allowance (GLOSSY)":0.6},"bands":{},"fixes":["Fuse the feature to the body along its length","Add anchors every ≤10 mm","Thicken the section","Print the accessory separately"]},{"id":"PRO-09","section":"PRO","title":"Rod with an end mass on a hanging part","statement":"A thin rod carrying a mass at its tip (wand, lollipop, flower stem) on a part that hangs or swings must pass PRO-02 (L/5): swinging adds whip loads the static index does not capture.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"HOL-07","section":"HOL","title":"Edge distance and bridges","statement":"Material between a hole or slot and the nearest outer edge must be ≥ max(2.0 mm, 1.5 × wall); CLEAR ≥ max(2.5 mm, 1.5 × wall). Thinner bridges are REVIEW down to 1.2 mm and ROUTE below.","values":{"MATTE/GLOSSY":"max(2.0, 1.5·t)","CLEAR":"max(2.5, 1.5·t)"},"bands":{"AUTO_PASS":"≥ required","REVIEW":"1.2 – < required","ROUTE":"<1.2"},"fixes":["Move the slot inward","Thicken the bridge","Round the slot ends"]},{"id":"WAL-07","section":"WAL","title":"Thin perimeter tips","statement":"Thin flared rims, points and tips at the outer extremes are damaged by supports, handling and warping. Tip thickness ≥1.5 mm MATTE / ≥2.0 mm GLOSSY, with a rounded end (r ≥0.5 mm).","values":{"MATTE":1.5,"GLOSSY":2,"CLEAR":2},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLA-06","section":"CLA","title":"Fillet every internal corner on clear parts","statement":"Internal corners on CLEAR parts need fillets r ≥0.5 mm (1.0 mm preferred). Sharp corners craze and crack, and the whitening is visible.","values":{"min radius":0.5,"preferred":1},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLA-07","section":"CLA","title":"No supports on visible clear faces","statement":"Support contact points leave visible scars in clear resin. Orient so supports touch only hidden faces; if impossible, REVIEW.","values":{},"bands":{},"fixes":[]},{"id":"CLA-08","section":"CLA","title":"Solid clear sections and hardware","statement":"Solid clear sections thicker than 10 mm are REVIEW (internal stress, cloudiness, yellowing). Holes must be ≥3 mm from apexes and edges. Never press-fit pins, bails or eye-pins into clear resin; glue into a hole with 0.1–0.2 mm clearance per side.","values":{"max solid thickness":10,"hole to apex/edge":3,"glue clearance per side":"0.1–0.2"},"bands":{},"fixes":["Core out the solid","Move the hole away from the apex","Glue, don't press"]}],"lookup_tables":{"tolerance":[{"nominal":5,"tol":0.2},{"nominal":10,"tol":0.2},{"nominal":25,"tol":0.2},{"nominal":50,"tol":0.2},{"nominal":75,"tol":0.2},{"nominal":100,"tol":0.2},{"nominal":125,"tol":0.25},{"nominal":150,"tol":0.3},{"nominal":200,"tol":0.4},{"nominal":250,"tol":0.5},{"nominal":300,"tol":0.6}],"holes":[{"shaft":1.5,"matte_static":2.1,"matte_slide":2.5,"glossy_static":3.1,"glossy_slide":3.5},{"shaft":2,"matte_static":2.6,"matte_slide":3,"glossy_static":3.6,"glossy_slide":4},{"shaft":3,"matte_static":3.6,"matte_slide":4,"glossy_static":4.6,"glossy_slide":5},{"shaft":4,"matte_static":4.6,"matte_slide":5,"glossy_static":5.6,"glossy_slide":6},{"shaft":5,"matte_static":5.6,"matte_slide":6,"glossy_static":6.6,"glossy_slide":7},{"shaft":6,"matte_static":6.6,"matte_slide":7,"glossy_static":7.6,"glossy_slide":8},{"shaft":8,"matte_static":8.6,"matte_slide":9,"glossy_static":9.6,"glossy_slide":10},{"shaft":10,"matte_static":10.6,"matte_slide":11,"glossy_static":11.6,"glossy_slide":12},{"shaft":12,"matte_static":12.6,"matte_slide":13,"glossy_static":13.6,"glossy_slide":14},{"shaft":16,"matte_static":16.6,"matte_slide":17,"glossy_static":17.6,"glossy_slide":18},{"shaft":20,"matte_static":20.6,"matte_slide":21,"glossy_static":21.6,"glossy_slide":22}],"protrusion":[{"L":2,"MATTE":1.2,"GLOSSY":1.5},{"L":3,"MATTE":1.2,"GLOSSY":1.5},{"L":5,"MATTE":2,"GLOSSY":2.5},{"L":8,"MATTE":2,"GLOSSY":2.5},{"L":10,"MATTE":2,"GLOSSY":2.5},{"L":12,"MATTE":2.5,"GLOSSY":3},{"L":15,"MATTE":3,"GLOSSY":3},{"L":20,"MATTE":4,"GLOSSY":4},{"L":25,"MATTE":5,"GLOSSY":5},{"L":30,"MATTE":6,"GLOSSY":6},{"L":40,"MATTE":8,"GLOSSY":8}]},"failure_modes":[{"symptom":"Chain links fused together","cause":"Glossy coating bridged gaps; print-in-place with coating","rules":"GLS-02, GLS-03, CLR-06","fix":"Matte, or finish links separately"},{"symptom":"Hinge will not rotate","cause":"Print-in-place with trapped resin or coating; gap below CLR-05","rules":"CLR-05, CLR-07","fix":"Separate print, metal pin, gap 0.5/1.0 mm"},{"symptom":"Keyring loop snapped","cause":"Loop section too thin for full-part mass and snag loads; sharp root","rules":"PRO-07, BRK-01, PRO-06","fix":"Loop ≥3.0/3.5 mm, fillet, or metal jump ring"},{"symptom":"Free hair strand broke in box","cause":"Free strand treated as supported detail; L/d too high","rules":"PRO-01, PRO-02, PRO-04","fix":"Thicken to L/5 or reattach tip"},{"symptom":"Lettering disappeared after gloss","cause":"Stroke or engraving below glossy limits; coating filled it","rules":"DET-02, DET-05, GLS-08","fix":"Use glossy detail limits"},{"symptom":"Hole too small for pin","cause":"Tolerance stack + coating; no clearance designed","rules":"TOL-03, CLR-05, GLS-01","fix":"Hole = pin + 2c; ream if precise"},{"symptom":"Lid too tight after coating","cause":"Coating on rim and lid; open-fit lid values used for an enclosing lid","rules":"GLS-01, CLS-01","fix":"Classify enclosing lids as closed fits"},{"symptom":"Snap hook broke on first use","cause":"Brittle standard resin; untested snap","rules":"CLR-10, MAT-02","fix":"Use hardware (a screw or magnet) instead of a snap"},{"symptom":"Hollow part cracked or leaked resin","cause":"Missing or single drain hole; trapped resin","rules":"HOL-06, WAL-04","fix":"≥2 drain holes Ø3.5–4.0"},{"symptom":"Thin wall broke in washing","cause":"Wall below WAL minimum for its support condition","rules":"WAL-01..05","fix":"Thicken or brace"},{"symptom":"Sink or warp at thick/thin junction","cause":"Thickness ratio above 3:1","rules":"WAL-06, WRP-04","fix":"Taper or core out"},{"symptom":"Precision hole out of spec","cause":"Expected print to hit ±0.1 mm","rules":"TOL-02, HOL-04","fix":"Post-drill/ream"},{"symptom":"Internal part stuck inside clear shell","cause":"Part enclosed during printing/finishing","rules":"CLA-05, CLR-08","fix":"Assemble after finishing"},{"symptom":"Star or topper snapped off a thin stick","cause":"Long thin rod with end mass on a swinging charm; no fillet","rules":"PRO-02, PRO-06, PRO-09","fix":"Thicken to L/5, shorten, fillet"},{"symptom":"White crazing at corners of a clear part","cause":"Sharp internal corners; solvent or coating stress","rules":"CLA-06","fix":"Fillet r ≥1.0 mm"},{"symptom":"Crack at a hole in a solid clear part","cause":"Thick solid; hole near apex; pressed hardware","rules":"CLA-08","fix":"Core out, move hole, glue"},{"symptom":"Texture filled with glossy coating, bubbles","cause":"Openings <1.5 mm or deeper than wide","rules":"GLS-09","fix":"Matte or open the texture"},{"symptom":"Thin tips frayed or curled","cause":"Perimeter tips below WAL-07","rules":"WAL-07","fix":"Thicken and round tips"},{"symptom":"Bridge beside a slot cracked","cause":"Edge distance below HOL-07","rules":"HOL-07","fix":"Move slot inward"},{"symptom":"Hems and lower edges thick on scan","cause":"Coating drained to down-facing edges","rules":"GLS-11","fix":"Coating orientation, rounded edges"},{"symptom":"Glasses rims, rings, whiskers deviate ≈1 mm","cause":"Raised thin features with few anchors","rules":"PRO-08, GLS-13","fix":"Fuse or anchor every ≤10 mm"},{"symptom":"Beads or wire fused to the body unevenly","cause":"Near-touch gap 0.05–0.8 mm","rules":"GLS-13","fix":"Fuse fully or open ≥0.8 mm"}],"faq":[{"q":"What is the standard tolerance?","a":"±0.20 mm or ±0.2 % of nominal, whichever is greater, on the finished part, for all finishes (TOL-01)."},{"q":"Does glossy have a different tolerance from matte?","a":"No. The print tolerance is the same; glossy changes clearance and detail rules because coating adds material (GEN-03, GLS-01)."},{"q":"Is clearance per side or total?","a":"Per side, surface to surface. Hole Ø = shaft Ø + 2c (CLR-01)."},{"q":"What hole do I need for a 3 mm rotating pin in matte?","a":"c = 0.5 mm per side → Ø4.0 mm (CLR-05). In glossy, c = 1.0 → Ø5.0 mm."},{"q":"What is a closed-wall fit?","a":"A fit where the outer part surrounds the inner part completely in cross-section, e.g. a box in a sleeve (CLS-01)."},{"q":"Can clear parts use matte rules?","a":"Clear parts finished glossy follow every glossy rule plus the CLA rules (CLA-01). Which rules apply to clear ordered with a matte finish is being confirmed."},{"q":"Can I print-in-place in glossy?","a":"Not recommended; ROUTE. In clear, not allowed (CLR-07)."},{"q":"How much clearance does coating remove?","a":"2t per side, 4t diametral (GLS-01)."},{"q":"What is the minimum wall?","a":"1.2 mm auto-pass for supported walls; 0.8 mm minimum with review; structural walls 1.5–2.0 mm (WAL-01..03)."},{"q":"What is the smallest hole?","a":"1.0 mm auto-pass; 0.8–1.0 review; below 0.8 route (HOL-01/02)."},{"q":"How thick should a 15 mm free hair strand be?","a":"Max(table 2.5 mm, 15/5 = 3.0 mm) = 3.0 mm in matte; glossy max(3.0, 3.0) = 3.0 mm (PRO-01/02)."},{"q":"How thin can hair be if attached along its length?","a":"0.8 mm matte, 1.0 mm glossy (PRO-04)."},{"q":"Minimum raised lettering?","a":"Stroke 0.6 mm matte / 0.8 glossy; height 0.4 / 0.5; character height 3 / 4 mm (DET-05..07)."},{"q":"Minimum engraving?","a":"Depth 0.4 mm matte / 0.5 glossy; width 0.4 / 0.5 (DET-02/03)."},{"q":"If I double neck diameter, how much stronger?","a":"Bending stress falls 8×; doubling mass or lever doubles stress."},{"q":"What about a flat tab instead of a round neck?","a":"Use d_equiv = (b·t²)^(1/3) in R_b (BRK-04)."},{"q":"Does doubling thickness stop warping?","a":"It halves predicted warp; doubling span quadruples it. Ribs that halve span are 2× more effective than doubling thickness."},{"q":"Do ribs count?","a":"Yes. Use the largest sub-panel span between stiffeners (WRP-03)."},{"q":"Are snap fits allowed?","a":"Allowed but never auto-approved; always ROUTE with testing (CLR-10)."},{"q":"What does ROUTE mean?","a":"Engineering approval with a suggested fix; it does not mean impossible (GEN-05)."},{"q":"How long can a sliding part engage?","a":"Up to 2× the opening width before CLS-05 review for squareness."},{"q":"Should a hollow part have drain holes?","a":"Yes, at least two of Ø3.5–4.0 mm at opposite extremes (HOL-06)."},{"q":"What is a near-touch gap?","a":"Two glossy surfaces 0.05–0.8 mm apart. Coating bridges them unpredictably; fuse them or open them to ≥0.8 mm (GLS-13)."},{"q":"How should glasses, earrings or necklaces on a figurine be modelled?","a":"Fused to the body along their length, or anchored every ≤10 mm with a section ≥1.5 mm in glossy (PRO-08)."},{"q":"How far must a slot be from an edge?","a":"At least max(2.0 mm, 1.5 × wall); clear max(2.5 mm, 1.5 × wall) (HOL-07)."},{"q":"Can I glossy-coat a deep lattice texture?","a":"Only if openings are ≥1.5 mm and no deeper than they are wide; otherwise use matte (GLS-09)."},{"q":"Can I press a metal pin into a clear part?","a":"No. Glue it into a hole with 0.1–0.2 mm clearance per side, ≥3 mm from apexes and edges (CLA-08)."}],"glossary":[{"term":"AUTO_PASS","definition":"Meets the automatic approval limit; ships without engineering review."},{"term":"REVIEW","definition":"Engineer checks before production; often passes with a minor change."},{"term":"ROUTE","definition":"Requires engineering approval and usually a design change; not a rejection."},{"term":"Clearance (per side)","definition":"Surface-to-surface gap on one side of a fit."},{"term":"Diametral clearance","definition":"Hole Ø minus shaft Ø; equals 2 × per-side clearance."},{"term":"Open fit","definition":"Fit where one surface pair must clear or the outer part can flex."},{"term":"Closed fit","definition":"Fit where the outer part completely surrounds the inner part in cross-section."},{"term":"Coating thickness t_coat","definition":"Material added per face by glossy finishing."},{"term":"Fusion","definition":"Coating bridging a gap and bonding separate parts."},{"term":"Print-in-place","definition":"Assembly printed already joined, with no assembly step."},{"term":"Protrusion","definition":"Feature sticking out from the main body, free along its length."},{"term":"Supported strand","definition":"Thin feature attached along its whole length."},{"term":"Neck","definition":"Locally narrowest cross-section connecting two larger volumes."},{"term":"Fillet","definition":"Rounded internal corner that spreads stress."},{"term":"R_b","definition":"Breakage index m·L/d³ (g·mm/mm³)."},{"term":"R_w","definition":"Warp index L²/t (mm)."},{"term":"Lever arm L","definition":"Distance from neck to the centre of mass it supports."},{"term":"Unsupported span","definition":"Longest flat distance between stiffening features."},{"term":"Rib","definition":"Thin stiffener that divides a panel into smaller spans."},{"term":"Lead-in chamfer","definition":"Angled entry that guides a sliding part into a closed opening."},{"term":"Matte","definition":"Sanded or media-blasted finish; removes material."},{"term":"Glossy","definition":"Polished, coated or dipped finish; may add material."},{"term":"Clear","definition":"Transparent resin. Finished glossy, it follows every glossy rule plus the CLA rules (CLA-01)."},{"term":"Post-cure","definition":"UV/heat curing after printing that sets final properties."},{"term":"Drain hole","definition":"Opening that lets uncured resin leave a hollow cavity."},{"term":"Coating zone","definition":"Geometry where glossy coating collects: basin, down-facing edge, crease, raised thin feature."},{"term":"Basin","definition":"Recess enclosed by a raised rim, e.g. a lens pocket."},{"term":"Down-facing edge","definition":"Edge that faces down while the coating cures; collects a bead."},{"term":"Near-touch gap","definition":"Gap of 0.05–0.8 mm between glossy surfaces; bridges unpredictably."},{"term":"Raised thin feature","definition":"Thin rim, ring, loop or strand standing off the body with few anchors."},{"term":"Edge distance","definition":"Material between a hole/slot and the nearest outer edge."},{"term":"Crazing","definition":"Network of fine white cracks from stress, common in clear resin."}]}